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2023
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05
Quantum Applications of Diamond Films
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Much of the research on quantum applications of diamond focuses on identifying the hundreds of distinct defects that can occur within the carbon lattice. One such defect is the negatively charged nitrogen–vacancy center, known as the NV center. Today, diamond‑film NV centers are widely employed in quantum information technologies, precision metrology, and biological sensing.
Much of the research on quantum applications of diamond focuses on identifying the hundreds of distinct defects that can occur within the carbon lattice. One such defect is the negatively charged nitrogen–vacancy center, known as the NV center. Today, diamond‑film NV centers are widely employed in quantum information technologies, precision metrology, and biological sensing.
NV defects are neutral nitrogen‑vacancy defects in diamond that can adopt four distinct crystallographic orientations. When another defect is present nearby in the lattice, the electrons within the NV center possess higher energy. In such cases, these electrons transfer to the nitrogen vacancy, endowing it with a negative charge. The electrons associated with the negatively charged NV defect occupy dangling bonds surrounding the vacancy, resulting in an energy level that closely resembles that of trapped ions. The specific combination of energy levels characteristic of these NV defects ensures that, upon irradiation with green light, electrons statistically favor occupying a particular spin state, allowing them to cycle through the relevant energy levels sufficiently often to achieve effective spin alignment. By exploiting the fact that the amount of light emitted by the defect can be either “bright” or “dark,” one can measure its ground‑state spin. Furthermore, by applying microwave pulses and additional optical pulses, NV centers can be manipulated to perform quantum experiments.
Therefore, owing to its NV‑center–based structure, diamond thin films exhibit excellent stability of nitrogen–vacancy (NV) color centers and long electron spin coherence times. Upon laser and microwave excitation, they display well-defined responses, making them an outstanding solid‑state platform for single‑spin quantum systems. Devices fabricated from diamond thin films incorporating NV color centers hold tremendous potential in areas such as quantum information processing, biofluorescence labeling, electric‑field sensing, and magnetic‑field sensing.
Diamond film
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