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2023
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05
Applications of Diamond Films in the Field of Particle Detectors
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Due to the numerous superior properties of diamond films—such as a wide bandgap, high radiation resistance, and excellent chemical and thermal stability—they can replace silicon in extreme operating conditions.
Applications of Diamond Films in the Field of Particle Detectors
Due to the many outstanding properties of diamond films—such as a wide bandgap, high radiation resistance, and excellent chemical and thermal stability—they can replace silicon in extreme operating conditions. However, detector-grade natural diamond is expensive and has poor renewability, which limits its use as a radiation detector. In recent years, advances in chemical vapor deposition (CVD) have significantly improved the quality of synthetic diamond films. Today, it is possible to fabricate diamond films of nearly any shape with high purity and low defect density, whose properties even surpass those of natural diamond in many respects. Recently, progress in growing “detector-grade” diamond films via CVD has attracted considerable interest from researchers in high-energy physics, heavy-ion physics, the nuclear industry, aerospace, defense, and radiation dosimetry.
Diamond thin films offer numerous advantages as materials for particle detectors, such as:
1. It has a wide bandgap, exhibits very high resistivity at room temperature, and possesses an extremely low intrinsic carrier concentration, resulting in a remarkably low leakage current. According to reports, in a 500-μm-thick diamond thin-film sample, the leakage current is approximately 100 pA/cm².
2. It exhibits high carrier mobility, with a charge collection time four times faster than that of silicon detectors.
3. It exhibits a high breakdown voltage (10 V/cm), enabling high carrier saturation velocity and a high counting rate without the need to fabricate a reverse-biased p‑n junction, thereby ensuring a very simple device fabrication process.
4. It has a low dielectric constant, significantly lower than that of commercial silicon detectors. This implies that if a detector is fabricated using diamond thin films, its readout amplifier will exhibit a smaller input capacitance, resulting in lower noise compared to silicon-based devices.
5. The low atomic number reduces high-energy cascade processes and multiple scattering in high-energy physics experiments; consequently, diamond films exhibit significantly lower radiation-induced damage compared with other materials.
6. Its thermal conductivity is very high among all materials (20 W/cm·K), making it an excellent heat conductor at room temperature. This ensures that the heat generated in high-energy physics experiments can be efficiently dissipated.
In summary, the superior properties of diamond films—low radiation damage, rapid charge collection, high signal-to-noise ratio, high count-rate capability, as well as exceptional hardness, excellent mechanical performance, and chemical stability—combine to make diamond an ideal detector material that can operate effectively at elevated temperatures, respond rapidly, and exhibit strong resistance to electromagnetic interference, thereby potentially replacing silicon.
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